Ts'ebetso ea ho Hloekisa Oli e jeoang: Metsi a Degumming
Tlhaloso ea Sehlahisoa
Ts'ebetso ea degumming setsing sa ho hloekisa oli ke ho tlosa litšila tsa marenene ka har'a oli e tala ka mekhoa ea 'mele kapa ea lik'hemik'hale,' me ke mohato oa pele ts'ebetsong ea tlhoekiso / tlhoekiso ea oli. Kamora ho hatelloa ka sekoti le ho ntšoa ha solvent ho tsoa lipeong tsa oli, oli e tala e na le li-triglycerides le li-non-triglyceride tse 'maloa. Sebopeho se seng sa triglyceride se kenyeletsang phospholipids, liprotheine, phlegmatic le tsoekere li ne li tla itšoara ka triglycerides ho etsa colloid, e tsejoang e le litšila tsa marinini.
Litšila tsa marenene ha li ame feela botsitso ba oli empa hape li ama phello ea ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa oli le ts'ebetso e tebileng. Mohlala, oli e se nang degumme e bonolo ho theha oli e entsoeng ka emulsified ts'ebetsong ea ho hloekisoa ha alkaline, kahoo e eketsa bothata ba ts'ebetso, tahlehelo ea ho hloekisa oli, le tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse thusang; ts'ebetsong ea decolorization, oli e se nang degummed e tla eketsa ts'ebeliso ea adsorbent le ho fokotsa katleho ea discoloring. Ka hona, ho ntša marenene hoa hlokahala e le mohato oa pele tšebetsong ea ho hloekisa oli pele ho hloekisoa ha oli, ho tlosoa ha oli, le ho ntša monko oa oli.
Mekhoa e ikhethileng ea ho hlakisa e kenyelletsa hydrated degumming(metsi degumming), acid refining degumming, alkali refining mokhoa, adsorption mokhoa, electropolymerization le thermal polymerization mokhoa. Ts'ebetsong ea ho hloekisa oli e jeoang, mokhoa o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke hydrated degumming, e ka ntšang phospholipids e nang le hydratable le phospholipids e seng ea hydrate, ha phospholipids e setseng e se nang hydrate e hloka ho tlosoa ka ho hloekisa acid degumming.
1. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa degumming ea hydrated (ho hloekisa metsi)
Oli e sa tsoakoang e tsoang ts'ebetsong ea mokelikeli e na le likarolo tse qhibilihang ka metsing, haholo-holo tse nang le phospholipids, tse hlokang ho tlosoa oli ho etsa hore ho be le pula e fokolang le ho tsitsa nakong ea lipalangoang tsa oli le polokelo ea nako e telele. Litšila tsa marinini joalo ka phospholipids li na le sebopeho sa hydrophilic. Pele ho tsohle, o ka hlohlelletsa le ho eketsa palo e itseng ea metsi a chesang kapa tharollo ea metsi a electrolyte joalo ka letsoai le asiti ea phosphoric ho oli e tala e chesang. Ka mor'a nako e itseng ea karabelo, litšila tsa marinini li ne li tla koaheloa, li kokobele le ho ntšoa oli. Ts'ebetsong ea hydrated degumming, litšila haholo-holo ke phospholipid, hammoho le liprotheine tse 'maloa, glyceryl diglyceride, le mucilage. Ho feta moo, marenene a nkiloeng a ka fetoloa lecithin bakeng sa lijo, lijo tsa liphoofolo kapa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea tekheniki.
2. Mokhoa oa ho tlosa metsi a metsi (ho hloekisa metsi)
Ts'ebetso ea degumming ea metsi e kenyelletsa ho eketsa metsi ho oli e tala, ho kenya metsi ka likarolo tse qhibilihang ka metsing, ebe o tlosa boholo ba tsona ka karohano ea centrifugal. Karolo e khanyang ka mor'a karohano ea centrifugal ke oli e sa tsoakoang ea degummed, 'me mohato o boima ka mor'a ho arohana ha centrifugal ke motsoako oa metsi, likarolo tse qhibilihang ka metsing le oli e kentsoeng, eo ka kakaretso e bitsoang "marenene". Oli e sa tsoakoang ea degummed e omisitsoe ebe e pholile pele e romeloa polokelong. Marenene a khutlisetsoa lijong.
Setsing sa ho hloekisa oli, mochini o hloekisang hydrate o ka sebetsoa hammoho le mochini oa deacidization oa oli, mochini oa decolorization le mochini o tlotsang monko, 'me mechini ena ke sebopeho sa mohala oa tlhahiso o hloekisang oli. Mohala oa tlhoekiso o arotsoe ka mofuta oa nakoana, mofuta o tsoelang pele, le mofuta o tsoelang pele ka botlalo. Moreki o ne a ka khetha mofuta ho latela bokhoni ba bona ba tlhahiso e hlokahalang: fektheri e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea 1-10t ka letsatsi e loketse ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa mofuta oa nakoana, fektheri ea 20-50t ka letsatsi e loketse ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa mofuta o tsoelang pele, ho hlahisa. ho feta 50t ka letsatsi e loketse ho sebelisa thepa ea mofuta o tsoelang pele ka botlalo. Mofuta o sebelisoang haholo ke mohala oa tlhahiso ea hydrated degumming ea nakoana.
Tekheniki Parameter
Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa Hydrated degumming (ho ntša metsi)
3.1 Bophahamo ba metsi a ekelitsoeng
(1) Phello ea metsi a ekelitsoeng ho flocculation: Metsi a lekaneng a ka etsa sebopeho se tsitsitseng sa liposome tse ngata. Metsi a sa lekaneng a tla lebisa ho hydration e sa fellang le ho phalla ho hobe ha colloidal; Metsi a feteletseng a atisa ho theha emulsification ea oli ea metsi, eo ho leng thata ho arola litšila ho oli.
(2) Kamano lipakeng tsa metsi a ekelitsoeng (W) le bokahare ba glum (G) mochesong o fapaneng oa ts'ebetso:
| mocheso o tlase oa hydration (20 ~ 30 ℃) | W=(0．5~1)G |
| mocheso o mahareng (60 ~ 65 ℃) | W=(2~3)G |
| mocheso o phahameng oa metsi (85 ~ 95 ℃) | W=(3~3.5)G |
(3) Teko ea mohlala: Palo e nepahetseng ea metsi a ekelitsoeng e ka khethoa ka tlhahlobo ea sampole.
3.2 Mocheso oa ho sebetsa
Mocheso oa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso o lumellana le mocheso o boima (bakeng sa ho phalla hantle, mocheso oa ts'ebetso o ka ba holimo hanyenyane ho feta mocheso o boima). 'Me mocheso oa ts'ebetso o tla ama palo ea metsi a ekelitsoeng ha mocheso o phahame, metsi a mangata, ho seng joalo, a nyenyane.
3.3 Matla a ho kopanya metsi le nako ea ho arabela
(1) Inhomogeneous hydration: Gum flocculation ke karabelo e fapaneng ho sebopeho sa tšebelisano. E le hore ho thehoe boemo bo tsitsitseng ba emulsion ea oli-metsi, ho kopanya mochine oa motsoako ho ka etsa hore marotholi a qhalane ka ho feletseng, ho kopanya mechine ho hloka ho matlafatsoa haholo-holo ha metsi a ekelitsoeng a le mangata 'me mocheso o le tlaase.
(2) Matla a ho kopanya hydration: Ha o kopanya oli le metsi, lebelo le tsosang ke 60 r / min. Nakong ea ho hlahisa flocculation, lebelo le tsosang ke 30 r / min. Nako ea karabelo ea motsoako oa hydration ke metsotso e ka bang 30.
3.4 Li-electrolyte
(1) Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-electrolyte: Letsoai, alum, silicate ea sodium, phosphoric acid, citric acid le tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e hlapollang.
(2) Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa electrolyte:
a. Li-electrolyte li ka fokotsa tefiso ea motlakase ea likaroloana tsa colloidal 'me tsa khothalletsa likaroloana tsa colloidal ho sedimentate.
b. Ho fetolela li-phospholipids tse se nang hydrated ho li-phospholipids tse hydrated.
c. Alum: thuso ea flocculant. Alum e khona ho monya li-pigments ka har'a oli.
d. Ho chelate ka li-ion tsa tšepe le ho li tlosa.
e. Ho khothaletsa flocculation ea colloidal haufi le ho fokotsa litaba tsa oli ea li-flocs.
3.5 Lintlha tse ling
1
(2) mocheso oa metsi a ekelitsoeng: Ha ho kenngoa metsi, mocheso oa ho eketsa metsi o lokela ho lekana kapa o phahame hanyenyane ho feta mocheso oa oli.
(3) Boleng ba metsi bo ekelitsoeng
(4) Ho tsitsa ha ts'ebetso
Ka kakaretso, litekanyo tsa tekheniki tsa ts'ebetso ea degumming li khethoa ho latela boleng ba oli, 'me litekanyetso tsa oli tse fapaneng ts'ebetsong ea degumming li fapane. Haeba u na le thahasello ea ho hloekisa oli, ka kopo ikopanye le rona ka lipotso kapa maikutlo a hau. Re tla hlophisa lienjineri tsa rona tsa profeshenale ho etsa mohala o loketseng oa oli o nang le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tsa ho hloekisa oli bakeng sa hau.
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